THE COMPANIES ACT, 1995

(Act  No. 35 of 1995)

 

As amended by the Companies (Amendment) Act, 1997

(Act  No. 5 of 1997)

 

 

 

                                          THE COMPANIES ACT, 1995

 

                                            Arrangement of Sections

 


                   PART I

 

            PRELIMINARY

Section

1.      Short title

2.      Commencement

3.      Prohibited associations

 

      PART 11

 

CONSTRUCTION AND INTERPRETATION OF ACT

 

4.      Interpretation

 

CORPORATE RELATIONSHIPS

 

5.      Affiliated corporations

 

   PUBLIC DISTRIBUTION OF

    CORPORATE SECURITIES

 

6.      “Distribution to the public”

7.      Repealed

 

                PART III

 

FORMATION AND OPERATION OF COMPANIES

 

Division 1-Incorporation of Companies

 

8.      Incorporation

9.      Formalities

10.    Required votes

11.    Documentation

 

      Certificate of Incorporation

 

12.    Certificate of incorporation

13.    Effective date

 

Corporate Name

 

14.    Corporate name

15.    Reserved name

16.    Name change

17.    Continued name

18.    Name revocation

19.    Assigned name

 

      Pre-incorporation Agreements

 

20.    Pre-incorporation agreements

 

Division 2-Corporate Capacity and Powers

 

21.    Capacity and powers

22.    Powers reduced

23.    Validity of Act

24.    Notice not presumed

25.    No disclaimer allowed

26.    Contracts of a company

27.    Bills and notes

28.    Power of attorney

29.    Company seals

 

      Division 3-Share Capital

 

30.   Nature of shares

31.   If only one class

32.   Shares classes

33.   Share issue

34.   Consideration

35.   Stated capital accounts

36.   Open-ended mutual company

37.   Series shares

38.   Pre-emptive rights

39.   Conversion privileges

40.   Reserve shares

41.   Own shares

42.   Exceptions

43.   Acquisition of own shares

44.   Other acquisition

45.   Redeemable shares

46.   Donated shares

47.   Voting thereon

48.   Stated capital reduction

49.   Stated capital adjustment

50.   Cancellation of shares

51.   Presumption re own shares

52.   Changing share class

52a  Redemption and cancellation of debentures

53.   Effect of purchase contract

53A Sale of shares on commission

54.   Prohibited dividend

55.   Payment of dividend

56.   Illicit loans by company

57.   Enforcement of illicit loans

58.   Immunity of shareholders

59.   Lien on shares

 

Division 4-Management of Companies

 

60.    Duty of directors to manage company

61.    Secretary

62.    Acts of Secretary, etc.

63.    Secretary of public company

64.    Number of directors

65.    Restricted powers

66.    By-Law powers

67.    Organizational meeting

68.    Disqualified directors

69.    Court disqualified directors

70.    No qualification required

71.    Notice of directors

72.    Alternate directors

73.    Cumulative voting

74.    Termination of office

75.    Removal of directors

76.    Right to notice

77.    Filling vacancy

78.    Numbers changed

79.    Notice of change

80.    Directors’ meetings

81.    Notice and waiver

82.    Adjourned meeting

83.    Telephone participation

84.    Delegation of powers

85.    Validity of Acts

86.    Resolution in writing

 

      Liabilities of Directors

 

87.     Liability for share issue

88.     Liability for other Acts

89.     Contribution for judgment

90.     Recovery by action

91.     Defence to liability

92.     Time limit on liability

 

     Contractual Interest

 

93.    Interest in contracts

94.    Interest declaration

95.    Avoidance of nullity

96.    Setting aside contract

 

     Officers of a Company

 

97.    Designation of offices, etc.

  

     Borrowing Powers of Directors

 

98.    Borrowing powers

 

      Duty of Directors and Officers

 

99.    Duty of care

100.  Dissenting to resolution

 

      Indemnities

 

101.  Indemnifying directors, etc.

102.  For derivative action

103.  Right to indemnity

104.  Insurance of directors, etc.

105.  Court approval of indemnity

 

Remuneration of Directors, Officers

            and Employees

 

106.  Remuneration

 

Division 5-Shareholders of Companies

 

    Meetings of Shareholders

 

107.   Shareholders and their                

meetings

108.  Meeting outside Trinidad and Tobago

109.  Calling meetings

110.  Record date of shareholders

111.  Statutory date

112.  Notice of record date

113.  Notice of meeting

114.  Special business

115.  Waiver of notice and telephone participation

 

      Proposals

 

116.  “Proposals” of shareholders

117.  Inclusion in proxy circular

118.  Nomination in proposal

119.  Non-compliance with proxy solicitation

120.   Publishing immunity

121.  Refusal notice

122.  Restraining meeting

123.  Right to omit proposal

124.  Registrar’s notice

 

      Shareholder Lists

 

125. List of shareholders

126.            Examination of list

 

      Quorum

 

127.   Quorum at meetings

 

      Voting Shares

 

128. Right to vote share

129. Representative of other body

130. Joint shareholders

131. Voting method at meetings

132.  Resolution in writing

 

      Compulsory Meeting

 

133.    Requisitioned shareholders        

         meeting

134.                                    Court-called meeting

 

      Controverted Affairs

 

135.                                 Court review controversy

 

      Shareholder Agreements

 

136.   Pooling agreement

137.   Unanimous shareholder           agreement

 

      Shareholder Approval

 

   138.   Extraordinary transaction

 

      Division 6-Proxies

 

139.   Definitions

 

Proxy Holders

 

140.   Proxy appointment

141.   Revocation of proxy

142.   Deposit of proxy

143.   Mandatory solicitation of          proxy

144.   Prohibited solicitation

145.   Documents for Commission

146.   Exemption by Commission

147.   Proxy attending meeting

 

Share Registrants

 

148.   Duty of broker

149.   Governing prohibition

 

Remedial Powers

 

150.   Restraining order

 

            Division 7-Financial Disclosure

 

      Comparative Financial

               Statements

 

151.   Annual financial returns

152.   Exemption for information

153.   Consolidated financial returns

154.   Approval of directors

155.   Copies of documents to be      sent to shareholders

156.   Registrar’s copies

 

Audit Committee

 

157.   Audit committee

 

Company Auditor

 

158.   Eligibility for appointment

159.   Ministerial authorization of       appointment

160.   Repealed

161.   Ineligibility on ground of lack    of independence

162.   Effect of ineligibility

163.   Appointment of auditor

164.   Dispensing with auditor

165.   Cessation of office

166.   Removal of auditor

167.   Filling auditor vacancy

168.   Court appointed auditor

169.   Auditor’s rights to notice

170.   Required attendance

171.   Right to comment

172.   Examination by auditor

173.   Right to inspect

174.   Detected error

 

      Division 8-Corporate Records

 

Registered Office of Company

 

175.   Registered office

176.   Notice of address

 

Company Registers and Records

 

177.   Records of company

 

Register of Directors and   Secretaries

 

178.   Register of directors and          secretaries

179.   Register of directors’ holdings

180.   Extension of section to            associates of directors

 

Register of Substantial Shareholders

 

181.   Substantial shareholder

182.   Substantial shareholder to give             notice to company

183.   Person ceasing to be a            substantial shareholder to           notify the company

184.   Company to keep register of    substantial shareholders

185.   Offence

 

Records of Trusts

 

186.   Trust notices

 

Accounts, Minutes and Other

Records

 

187.   Other records

 

Form of Records

 

188.   Records form

 

Care of Records

 

189.  Duty of care for records

 

Access to Records

 

190.  Access to records

 

Shareholders’ Lists

 

191.  Basic list of shareholders

192.  Options list

193.  Restricted use of lists

194.  Annual returns

 

Division 9-Transfer of Shares and Debentures

 

195.  Transfer of shares

196.  Restrictions on transfer

197.  Duty to issue

198.  Transfer certificate

199.  Registration

200.  Effect of certificate

 

Division 10-Take-over Bids

 

201.  Definitions

202.  Offeror rights

203.  Notice to dissenting     shareholders

204.  Adverse claims

205.  Delivery of certificates

206.  Payment for shares

207.  Money in trust

208.  Duty of offeree-company

209.  Application to Commission

210.  Joined parties

211.  Powers and order of     Commission

212.  Additional orders

213.  Take-over regulations

 

Division 11-Fundamental Company Changes

 

Altering Articles

 

214.  Fundamental amendment to     articles

215.  Proposal to amend articles

216.  Class vote on proposal

217.  Delivery of articles

218.  Certificate of amendment

219.  Re-stated articles

 

Amalgamation

 

220.  Amalgamation

221.  Agreement for amalgamation

122.  Approval by shareholders

223.  Vertical short-form       amalgamation

224.  Horizontal short-form    amalgamation

225.  Articles of amalgamation

226.  Certificate of amalgamation

 

Dissenters’ Rights and Obligations

 

227.  Dissent by shareholder

228.  Demand for payment

229.  Suspension of rights

230.  Offer to pay for share

231.  Application to Court

232.  Joined parties

233.  Court powers

234.  Interest

235.  Recourse of dissenting             shareholder

236.  Prohibition of payment

 

Re-organization

 

237.  Re-organization

 

Arrangements

 

238.  Arrangements

 

Division 12-Civil Remedies

 

239.          Definitions

 

Derivative Actions

 

240.  Derivative actions

241. Court powers

 

Restraining Oppression

 

242. Oppression restrained

243. Staying action

244. Interim costs

245. Rectification of records

 

Other Remedial Actions

 

246. Directions for Registrar

247. Refusal by Registrar

248. Appeal from Registrar

249. Restraining order, etc.

 

Application to the Court

 

250. Summary application

 

            PART IV

 

      PROTECTION OF CREDITORS

 

Division 1-Registration of Charges

 

251.  Registration with Registrar

252.  Contents of charge statements

253.  Repealed

254.  Later charges

255.  Effect on written laws

256.  Fluctuating charges

257.    Charge on acquisition of             

               property

258.  Duty to register

259.   Register of charges

260.   Endorsement on debenture

261.   Satisfaction and payment

262.   Rectification of error

263.   Retention of copy

264.   Inspection of copies

265.  Registration of receiver

266.  External company

 

Division 2-Trust Deeds and Debentures

 

267. Definitions

268. Application of Division

 

Trustees

 

269.  Conflict of interest

270.  List of debenture holders

271.  Evidence of compliance

272.  Contents of evidence

273   Further evidence

274.  Evidence relating to conditions

275.  Certificate of compliance

276   Notice of default

277.  Redemption of debenture

278.  Duty of care

279.  Reliance on statements

280.  No exculpation

281.  Rights of trustees

 

Trust Deeds

 

282.  Need for trust deed

283.  Kinds of debentures

284.  Cover of trust deed

285.  Exception

286.  Contents of trust deed

287.  Contents of debentures

 

      Realization of Security

 

288.  Equity realization

 

Division 3-Receivers and Receiver Managers

 

289.  Disqualified receivers

290.  Functions of receivers

291.  Functions of receiver-manager

292.  Directors’ powers stopped

293.  Duty under Court’s directions

294.  Duty under instrument

295.  Duty of care

296.  Directions by court

297.  Duties of receivers, etc.

298.  Liability of receivers, etc.

299.  Notice of receivership

300.  Floating charges priorities

301.  Statement of affairs

302.  Contents of statement

 

Division 4-Insider Trading

 

303.  “Insider” defined

304.  Presumed insider

305.  Liability of insider

306.  Time limit on action

 

      PART V

     

OTHER REGISTERED COMPANIES

 

Division 1-Companies Without Share Capital

 

307.  Application of Division

308.  Incorporation

309.  Form of articles

310.  Directors ex officio

311.  Members unlimited

312.  Admission to membership

313.  Voting by members

314.  Transfer of members

315.  By-laws

316.    Disposal of property on              

               dissolution

 

         Division 2-External Companies

 

317.  Application of Division

318.  Registration required

319.    Registration of external              

               companies registered under        

               former Act

320.  Entitlement to registration

321.    External amalgamated               

               company

322.  Language

323.  Attorney of company

324.  Failure of power

325   Capacity of attorney

326.  Certificate of registration

327.  Effect of registration

328.  Repealed

329.  Cancelling registration

330.  Revival of registration

331.  Previous activities

332.  Fundamental changes

333.  Returns

334.  Incapacity of company

335.  Exhibition of company’s name

336.  Repealed

337.  Other provisions

 

Division 3-Former-Act Companies

 

338.    Application of Division

339.    Repealed

340.  Continuation of company

341.  Amending instrument

342.  Articles of continuance

343.  Certificate of continuance

344.  Preservation of company

345.  Previous shares

346.  Non-continuance disability

347.  Repealed

 

         PART VI

 

         WINDING UP

 

         Division 1-Preliminary

 

348.  Modes of winding up

349.  Liability of members

350.  Saving

351.  Definitions

352.    Nature of liability of                    

         contributory

353.    Contributories in case of death    

         of member

354.    Contributories in case of             

         bankruptcy of members

 

      Division 2-Winding up by the Court

 

355.    Circumstances in which             

         company may be wound up by  Court

356.    Definition of inability to pay        

         debts

357.   Petition for winding up

358.    Powers of Court on hearing        

         petition

359.    Power to stay or restrain            

         proceedings against company

360.    Avoidance of dispositions of       

         property, etc., after commence-  

         ment of winding up

361.   Avoidance of attachment, etc.

362.   Commencement of winding up by the Court

363.    Copy of order to be forwarded     

         to Registrar

364.    Actions stayed on winding up     

         order

365.   Effect of winding up order

 

Official Receiver

 

366.   Meaning of Official Receiver

367.   Statement of company’s affairs

368.   Report by Official Receiver

 

Liquidators

 

369.    Power of the Court to appoint     

         liquidators

370.    Appointment and powers of        

         provisional liquidator

371.    Appointment, style, etc., of        

         liquidators

372.    Provisions where person other    

         than Official Receiver is             

         appointed liquidator

373.    General provisions as to            

         liquidators

374.    Custody of Company’s              

         property

375.    Vesting of property of                

         company in liquidator

376.   Powers of liquidator

377.    Exercise and control of              

         liquidator’s powers

378.   Books to be kept by liquidator

379.    Payments of liquidator into         

         bank

380.   Audit of liquidator’s accounts

381.    Control of Registrar over             

         liquidators

382.   Release of liquidator

 

Committee of Inspection

 

383.   Meeting of creditors and          contributories to determine          whether committee of     inspection shall be appointed

384.   Constitution and Proceedings   of committee of inspection

385.   Powers of Court where no        committee of inspection

 

General Powers of Court

 

386.  Power to stay winding up, etc.

387.  Settlement of list of contributories and application of assets

388.  Delivery of property to liquidator

389.  Payment of debts due by contributories to company and extent to which set-off allowed

390.  Power of Court to make calls

391.  Payment into bank of moneys due to company

392.  Order on contributory is conclusive evidence

393.  Appointment of special manager

394.  Power to exclude creditors not proving in time

395.  Adjustment of rights of contributories

396.  Inspection of books by creditors or Contributories

397.  Power to order costs of winding up to be paid out of assets

398.  Power to summon persons suspected of having property of  company

399.  Power to order public examination of promoters, directors, etc.

399a Power to restrain fraudulent persons from managing companies

400.  Power to arrest absconding contributory

401.  Powers of Court cumulative

402.  Delegation to liquidator of certain powers of Court

403.  Dissolution of company

404.  Power to enforce orders and appeals from orders

 

Division 3-Voluntary Winding up

 

405.  Winding up resolution

406.  Notice of resolution to wind up voluntarily

407.  Commencement of voluntary winding up

408.  Effect of voluntary winding up on business and status of company

409.  Avoidance of transfers, etc., after commencement of voluntary winding up

410.  Statutory declaration of solvency in case of proposal of winding up voluntarily

 

Provisions Applicable only to Members’ Voluntary Winding up

 

410a Application of sections 411 to 417

411.  Power of company to appoint and fix remuneration of liquidators

412.  Power to fill vacancy in office of liquidator

413.  Power of liquidator to accept shares, etc., as consideration for sale of property of company

414.  Duty of liquidator to call creditors’ meeting in case, of insolvency

415.  Duty of liquidator to call general meeting at end of each year

416.  Final meeting and dissolution

417.  Alternative provisions as to annual and final meetings in case of insolvency

 

Provisions Applicable to a Creditors’

               Voluntary Winding up

 

417a Application of sections 418 to 425

418.  Meeting of creditors

419.  Appointment of liquidator

420.  Appointment of committee of inspection

421.  Fixing of liquidators’ remuneration and cesser of directors’ powers

422.  Power to fill vacancy in office of liquidator

423.  Application of section 413 to a creditors’ winding up

424.    Duty of liquidator to call              

         meetings of company and of

         creditors at end of each year

425.  Final meeting and dissolution

 

Provisions Applicable to Every Voluntary Winding up

 

425a Application of sections 426  to 433

426.  Distribution of property of company

427.  Powers and duties of liquidator in voluntary winding up

428.  Power of Court to appoint and remove liquidator in voluntary winding up

429.  Notice by liquidator of his appointment

430.  Arrangement when binding on creditors

431.  Power to apply to Court to have questions determined or powers exercised

432.  Costs of voluntary winding up

431.  Saving for rights of creditors and contributories

 

Division 4-Provisions Applicable to Every Mode of Winding up

 

Proof and Ranking of Claims

 

434.  Debts of all descriptions to be proved

435.  Preferential payments

 

Effect of Winding Up on Antecedent

      and Other Transactions

 

436.  Fraudulent preference

437.  Liabilities and rights of certain fraudulently preferred persons

438.  Effect of floating charge

439.  Disclaimer of onerous property

440.  Definition of “bailiff” and “goods”

441.  Restriction of rights of creditor as to execution or attachment

442.  Duties of bailiff as to goods taken in execution

 

Offences

 

443.  Offences by officers of companies in liquidation

444.  Penalty for falsification of books

445.  Frauds by officers of companies which have gone into liquidation

446.  Liability where proper accounts not kept

447.  Fraudulent trading

448.  Power of Court to assess damages against delinquent directors, etc.

449.  Prosecution of’ delinquent officers and members of a company

 

Supplementary Provisions as to

               Windingup

 

450.  Disqualification for appointment as liquidator

450a Enforcement of duty of liquidator to make returns etc.

451.  Notification that a company is in liquidation

452.  Failure to comply with section 451

453.  Exemption of certain documents from stamp duty on winding up of companies

454.  Books of company to be evidence

455.  Disposal of books and papers of company

456.  Information as to pending liquidations

457.  Unclaimed assets

457a Resolutions passed at adjourned meetings of creditors and contributories

 

Supplementary Powers of Court

 

458. Meetings to ascertain wishes of creditors or contributories

 

459. Affidavits, etc.

 

       Provisions as to Dissolution

 

460.  Power of Court to declare dissolution of company void

461.  Registrar may strike defunct company off register

462.  Outstanding assets of defunct company to vest in Official Receiver

463.  Disposal of moneys

 

      Rules

 

464.  Rules

 

Division 5-Winding up of Unregistered Companies

 

465.  Unregistered company

466.  Winding up of unregistered companies

467.  Contributories in winding up of unregistered company

468.  Power of Court to stay or restrain proceedings

469.  Outstanding assets of defunct unregistered company

 

                 PART VII

 

ADMINISTRATION AND GENERAL

 

Division 1-Functions of Registrar

 

     Registrar of Companies

 

470.  Responsibility

471.  Service upon the Registrar

 

      Register of Companies

 

472.  Register of companies

473.  Inspection of register

 

      Notices and Documents

 

    

474.         Notice to directors etc.

475.         Presumption of receipt

      476.    Undelivered documents

      477.    Notice waiver

      478.    Certificate by company

      479.    Evidentiary value

      480.    Copies

      481.    Filed articles

      482.    Alteration of documents

      483.    Correction of documents

      484.    Proof of documents

      485.    Retention of documents

      486.    Registrar’s certificate

      487.    Refusal power

      488.    Filing form

 

Removal from Register

     

      489.    Striking off register

      490.    Liability continues

 

Service

     

      491.    Service on company

 

Company Names

     

      492.    Reservation of name

      493.    Prohibited name

      494.    Repealed

      495.    Amalgamated company

      496.    Restored name

 

Division 2-Investigation of Companies

 

Investigations

     

      497.    Non-application to                              public company

498.      Investigation order

499.    Court powers

500.      Inspector’s powers

501.      In camera hearing

502.      Incriminating evidence

503.      Privilege absolute

 

Inquiries

 

504.    Ownership interest

505.    Client privileges

506.    Inquiries

 

Division 3-Regulations

 

507.    Regulations

 

Division 4-Offences and Penalties

 

508.    Name offence

509.    Abuse of corporate status

510.    Reports

511.    Specific offences

512.    Company offences

513.    General offence

514.    Order to comply

515.    Limitation

516.    Penalty for late filing

517.    Civil remedies unaffected

517a   Criminal proceedings against              firms

 

           Division 5- Incidental and

           Consequential Matters

 

518.    Repealed

519.    References to Companies Act

520.    Transitional

521.    Repealed

522.    Security for costs

523.    Power of Court to grant relief   in certain cases

524.    Saving for privileged   communications


THE COMPANIES ACT, 1995

 

(Act No. 35 of 1995)

 

 

 

as amended by The Companies (Amendment) Act, 1997

 

(Act No. 5   of 1997)

 

 

[Proclaimed as of 15 April, 1997 by Legal Notice No. 68 of 1997 ]                         

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

AN ACT to revise and amend the law relating to companies and to provide for related and consequential matters.

 

[Assented to 6 October 1995]       

                       

ENACTED by the Parliament of Trinidad and Tobago as follows:                      Enactment

 


                                             PART I

 

                                        PRELIMINARY

 

1.   This Act may be cited as the Companies Act, 1995.                                  Short title

 

2.   This Act shall come into operation on a date to be fixed by the President by Proclamation.              Commencement

 

 

3. No association, society, body or other group consisting of more than ten      Prohibited

persons may be formed for the purpose of carrying on any trade or business  associations

for gain unless it is-

            (a)        incorporated under this Act;

            (b)        formed under some other written law; or

            (c)        a partnership.

 

                                            PART 11

 

              CONSTRUCTION AND INTERPRETATION OF ACT

 

4. In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires­-                                   Interpretation

 

            “affairs” means, in relation to any company or other body corporate, the relationship among the company or body corporate, its affiliates and the shareholders, directors and officers thereof, but does not include any businesses carried on by the companies or other bodies corporate;

 

            “affiliate” means an affiliated body corporate within the meaning of section 5;

 

            “articles” means, unless qualified, the original or restated articles of incorporation, articles of amendment, articles of amalgamation, articles of continuance, articles of re-organization, articles of dissolution, and articles of revival;                                                                         

 

            “associate” when used to indicate a relationship with any person means-

 

               (a)   a body corporate of which that person beneficially owns or controls, directly or indirectly, either shares or securities currently convertible into shares, carrying more than twenty per cent of the voting rights-

                        (i)   under all circumstances;

                        (ii)   by reason of the occurrence of an event that has occurred and is continuing;

                     or a currently exercisable option or right to purchase such shares or such convertible securities;

 

               (b)   a partner of that person acting on behalf of the partnership of which they are partners;

                       

               (c)   a trust or estate, in which that person has a substantial beneficial interest or in respect of which he serves as a trustee, legal representative or in a similar capacity;

 

               (d)   a spouse or child of that person;

           

               (e)   a relative of that person or of his spouse if that relative has the               

                     same residence as that person;

 

            “auditor” includes a partnership of auditors;

 

            “beneficial interest” means an interest arising out of the beneficial                   

                   ownership of shares or debentures;

 

            “beneficial ownership” includes ownership through a trustee, legal representative, agent or other intermediary;

 

            “body corporate” includes a company or other body corporate wherever or however incorporated, other than a corporation sole;

 

            “by-laws” means the by-laws of a company made under section                      

                 66;

 

            “commencement date” means the date on which this Act is proclaimed under section 2;

 

            “Commission” means the Securities and Exchange Commission established under section 3(l) of the Securities Industry Act, 1995;

 

            “company” means a body corporate that is incorporated, or continued under this Act;

 

            “company limited by guarantee” means a company with or without a share capital whose articles set out the provisions required by Section 9(2a);

 

            “control” in relation to a body corporate means the power of a person to secure by means of-

 

               (a)   the holding of shares or the possession of voting power in relation to that body corporate; or

 

(b)    any other power conferred by the articles of incorporation or other document regulating the body corporate,

 

that the business and affairs of the body corporate are conducted in accordance with the wishes of that person;

           

            “Court” means the High Court;

           

            “corporate instruments” includes any statute, letters patent, memorandum of association, articles of association, certificate of incorporation, certificate of continuance, by-laws, regulations or other instrument by which a body corporate is incorporated or continued or that governs or regulates the affairs of a body corporate;

 

            “debenture” includes debenture stock and any bond or other instrument evidencing any indebtedness or guarantee of a company in respect of indebtedness whether secured or not, but shall not include a cheque, promissory note or bill of exchange or endorsement thereon, a letter of credit issued by a bank nor an instrument evidencing a deposit account issued by a financial institution or a credit union within the meaning of the Co-operative Societies Act or an insurance company;                        Chap 81:03

 

            “director” in relation to a body corporate, means a person occupying therein the position of a director by whatever title he is called;

 

            “external company” means any incorporated body of persons that is formed under the laws of a country other than Trinidad and Tobago;

 

            “firm” means an unincorporated body of two or more individuals, or one or more individuals and one or more corporations, or two or more corporations, who have entered into partnership with one another with a view to carrying on business for profit;

 

            “former Act” means the Companies Ordinance, repealed by this                      

                 Act;                                                                                         Ch.31. No.1

 

            “former-Act company” means a company incorporated or registered under the former Act or any Act replaced by that Act;

 

            “incorporator” means, in relation to a company, a person who signs the articles of incorporation of the company;

 

            “legal representative” in relation to a company, shareholder, debenture holder or other person, means a person who stands in place of and represents the company, shareholder, debenture holder or person, and without limiting the generality of the foregoing, includes, as the circumstances require, a trustee, executor, administrator, assignee, or receiver of the company, shareholder, debenture holder or person;

 

            “liability” includes, in relation to a company, any debt of the company that arises under-

 

(a)  section 53;

 

(b)  section 235(2); or

 

(c)  section 242(3)(f) or (g);

 

            “member” in relation to a non-profit company or a company limited by guarantee, means a member of the company in accordance with the provisions of this Act and the articles and by-laws of the company;

 

            “Minister” means the Minister to whom responsibility for the Registrar General’s Department is assigned;

 

            “non-profit company” means a company without share capital;

 

            “officer” in relation to a body corporate means-

 

   (a)   the chairman, deputy chairman, president or vice-president of the board of directors;

 

   (b)   the managing director, general manager, comptroller, secretary or treasurer; or

 

   (c)   any other person who performs for the body corporate functions similar to those normally performed by the holder of any office specified in paragraph (a) or (b) and who is duly appointed to perform such functions;

 

            “ordinary resolution” means a resolution passed by a majority of the votes cast by the shareholders who voted in respect of that resolution;

 

            “prescribed” means prescribed by rules made under section 464 or regulations made under section 507;

 

            “public company” means a company any of whose issued shares or debentures are or were part of a distribution to the public within the meaning of section 6 but does not include a former-Act company which was not a public company under the former Act at the commencement date;

 

            “record” includes any register, book or other record that is required to be kept by a body corporate;

 

            “redeemable share” means a share issued by a company-

 

            (a)     that the company can purchase or redeem upon demand of the company; or

 

            (b)     that the company is required by its articles to purchase or redeem at a specified time or upon the demand of a shareholder;

 

            “Registrar” refers to the Registrar of Companies under this Act;

 

            “relative” in relation to a person means-

 

            (a)     a parent, grandparent, brother, sister or spouse;

 

            (b)     a son-in-law or daughter-in-law; or

 

            (c)     a step-child;

 

            “security interest” means any interest in or charge upon any property of a company, by way of mortgage, assignment, bond, lien, pledge or other means, that is created or taken to secure the payment of a debt or the performance of any other obligation of the company;

 

            “seal” includes a rubber stamp;

           

            “send” includes deliver;

           

            “series” in relation to shares, means a division of a class of shares;

 

            “share” includes stock;

 

            “shareholder” in relation to a company, means a person described in section 107(1);

 

            “special resolution” means a resolution proposed at a meeting of the company of which not less than twenty-one days’ notice specifying the intention to propose the resolution as a special resolution has been duly given and which is-

 

               (a)   passed by a majority of not less than seventy-five percent of the votes cast by the shareholders who voted in respect of the resolution; or

 

               (b)   reduced to writing as a special resolution and signed by all the shareholders entitled to vote on the resolution;

 

            “stated capital account” means an account maintained pursuant to section 37;

 

            “statutory declaration means a declaration made under the Statutory Declarations Act;                                               

 

            “stock exchange” means any market where shares, bonds and other securities are traded;

 

            “unanimous shareholder agreement” means an agreement described in section 137;

 

            “unlimited liability company” means a company not having any limit on the liability of its members.

 

                              Corporate Relationships

 

5.   (1)  For the purposes of this Act-                                                              Affiliated

                                                                                                               corporations

            (a)  one body corporate is affiliated with another body corporate if one of them is the subsidiary of the other, or both are subsidiaries of the same body corporate, or each of them is controlled by the same person; and

 

            (b)  if two bodies corporate are affiliated with the same body corporate at the same time, they are affiliated with each other.

 

      (2)  For the purposes of this Act-

 

            (a)  a body corporate is the holding body corporate of another if that other body corporate is its subsidiary; and

 

            (b)  a body corporate is a subsidiary of another body corporate if it is controlled by that other body corporate.

 

              Public Distribution of Corporate Securities

 

6.   (1)  For the purposes of this Act-                                                        “Distribution to

                                                                                                                  the public”

            (a)  a share or debenture of a body corporate is part of a distribution to the public, when, in respect of the share or debenture-

 

                  (i)   there has been, under the laws of Trinidad and Tobago or any other jurisdiction, a filing of a prospectus, statement in lieu of prospectus, registration statement, stock exchange takeover bid circular or similar instrument; or

 

                  (ii)   the share or debenture is listed for trading on any stock exchange wherever situated; and

 

            (b)  a share or debenture of a body corporate is deemed to be part of a distribution to the public where the share or debenture has been issued and a filing referred to in paragraph (a)(i) would be required if the share or debenture were being issued currently.

 

      (2)  For the purposes of this Act, the shares or debentures of a company that are issued upon a conversion of other shares or debentures of a company, or in exchange for other shares or debentures, are deemed to be part of a distribution to the public if any of those other shares or debentures were part of a distribution to the public.

 

      (3)  On the application of a company, the Commission may determine that shares or debentures of a  company are not or were not part of a distribution to the public if the Commission is satisfied that such determination would not prejudice any shareholder or debenture holder of the company.

 

7.   Repealed by Act. No.  5   of 1997

 

                                            PART III

 

              Formation and Operation of Companies

 

                    Division 1-Incorporation of Companies

 

8.   (1)  Subject to subsection (2), one or more persons may incorporate a   Incorporation

company, with or without limited liability, by signing and delivering articles of incorporation to the Registrar and otherwise complying with the requirements of this Division and the name of every incorporator shall be entered in the company’s register of members as soon as may be after the company’s registration.

 

      (2)  No individual who-

 

            (a)  is less than eighteen years of age;